![]() Issue: Problem with the swap partition the system either failed to read the swap file/device/partition or it’s not present. Started Regular background program processing daemon.įrom the output above, we can see that there is a boot issues indicated by the lines below. Starting LSB: daemon to balance interrupts for SMP systems. Starting Detect the available GPUs and deal with any system changes. Starting LSB: Set the CPU Frequency Scaling governor to "ondemand". Listening on Cockpit Web Service Socket. Listening on D-Bus System Message Bus Socket. ![]() Started Trigger resolvconf update for networkd DNS. Listening on Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack Activation Socket. Started Daily Cleanup of Temporary Directories. Listening on UUID daemon activation socket. ![]() Timed out waiting for device dev-disk-by\x2duuid-53e41ce9\x2ddc18\x2d458c\x2dbc08\vice. View Linux Boot Logs Started Load/Save RF Kill Switch Status. We use the cat command for that purpose as follows (below is a sample of this file): # cat /var/log/boot.log Rather than trying so hard to follow the output on the screen during boot, we can view this file after the boot process has completed to assist us in determining and resolving boot issues/errors. This is probably the first file you want to look into, to view all that unfolded during the system boot. And these include: /var/log/boot.log – Logs System Boot Messages So taking note of boot issues/errors calls for a system administrator to look into certain important files in conjunction with particular commands. How to Find Out Linux Boot Issues or Error MessagesĪs we mentioned before, the Linux boot processes happens rapidly that we can’t even clearly read most of the output sent to the console. It is also the last process to be executed on system shutdown. The boot loader will identify and point to, as well as load the Kernel and the initrd file (initialization ram disk – provides the kernel access to the mounted root filesystem and modules/drivers stored in /lib directory), which are generally stored in the /boot directory of the filesystem.Īfter the kernel is loaded, it executes init (or systemd on newer Linux distros), the first process with PID 1, which in turn starts all other processes on the system. Suggested Read: 4 Best Linux Boot Loaders Then the system will connect to the disk and search for the Master Boot Record (512 bytes in size) which stores the boot loader (446 bytes in size) and the rest of the space stores info about disk partitions (four maximum) and the MBR itself. In case of an error (missing/malfunctioning hardware), it is reported on the screen.ĭuring POST, the BIOS also looks for the boot device, the disk to stat up from (usually the first hard disk, however we may configure it to be a DVD, USB, Network Card etc instead). In summary, once we press the Power On button, the BIOS ( Basic Input Output System) a program integrated in a motherboard performs a POST ( Power on Self Test) – where hardware such as disks, RAM (Random Access Memory), keyboard, etc are scanned. In this article, we will briefly explain the different stages in a Linux system boot process, then learn how to establish and get to the bottom of boot issues: in terms files to look into or commands to view system boot messages. Therefore observing boot issues/errors becomes a little of a challenge for us. The Linux system boots so fast that most of the output scrolls by too quickly to read the text (showing services being started) sent to the console.
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